World-wide RES power generation & its role in MICROGRID
In Microgrid all type of sources can be incorporated including conventional fossil fuel types and non-conventional renewable. However, inclusion of higher number of RES will increase the efficiency of microgrid and reduce the carbon emission for energy generation. The new trend in electric power generation shows that more number of countries are promoting RES in their distribution system.These countries are also promoting microgrid based on RES to integrate all the sources to improve reliability and additional benefits.
RES capacity / generation share in world’s major countries shows a considerable increase in total electric power generation. China tops in all segment of power generation and has maximum share of RES capacity in the world. India is ranked at 4th position in wind energy generation far behind from USA and China but having growth of 12% per year which is slightly behind from china.
It can be seen from wind source pie-chart that China ranks 1st among all the countries with wind generation capacity of 168.4 GW in the year 2016. The countries United States,Germany, India and Spain are also in the list of top five countries with wind generation capacity of 83.2GW, 50GW, 33.6GW and 23 GW in 2016.In 2016 solar PV generation, China is again at the first position in worldwide with 77.5GW capacity. India got the 7th rank worldwide in solar-PV generation with 7.1 GW capacity. Also in hydro power generation, China ranks ahead of all the countries with 308.9 GW capacity . India is on 5th position with 42.78 GW of hydro power capacity.Figure 1 shows a pie-chart of power generation capacity share in India.
In 2015, only 27% power generation is achieved through renewable energy sources and remaining 73% generation from fossil fuels ( like diesel, nuclear, gas, coal). But in 2016,share of renewable energy sources is increased to about 1% and reached at 28% and reduces fossil fuel generation from 73% to 72%. Nowadays ,use of renewable energy sources increases which provide clean energy and these sources are available in abundance. As in 2017,this increase of RES power generation reached to 31% and non-renewable sources generation decreases from 72 % to 69%. So in future, there is a large scope of RES power generation due to their number of advantages. In view of this, Indian government’s (MNRE) has targeted to build 10,000 number of microgrid in India for rural electrification using only RES by 2021.